How active flows can shape tissues and organs
Orateur : Simon Gsell / IRPHÉ
Abstract : During the development of organs and embryos, cells need to
self-organize across scales to achieve functional collective
organization at the tissue level. This occurs through a complex
interplay between cell differentiation, cell motion and cell division.
How are these mechanisms coordinated to allow reproducible development ?
Tissue hydrodynamics, resulting from cell-cell interactions and
collective cell motion, is a key aspect of the question that remains to
be fully understood. In this talk, I will present our recent attempt to
analyze and model active tissue flows contributing to the morphogenesis
of embryonic organoids. These stem-cell aggregates self-organize into
embryo-like structures in a purely in-vitro framework, allowing for
quantitative and physical approaches to morphogenesis. While the
patterning of key developmental proteins is often thought to rely only
on molecular processes, we show that spontaneous tissue flows also
contribute to the bio-chemical symmetry breaking of those organoids. We
then propose a mode decomposition procedure to determine the dominant
structures of these flows across different experimental samples. The
resulting dominant mode exhibits a recirculation pattern. This flow
pattern is well predicted by our computational model based on a fluid
description of the tissue. Finally, I will present several research
perspectives on the role of active flows during tissue morphogenesis.
Date et lieu : le vendredi 10 mars à 11hàà, salle de séminaires IRPHE
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